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crowd computing
Eric Brown, co-author of "The Effective CIO", alluded to the term "Crowdcomputing" in 2009.〔Brown, Eric J. and William A. Yarberry, Jr. (2009). The Effective CIO. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.〕It is an overarching term which defines the myriad tools that enable idea sharing, non-hierarchical decision making and the full utilization of the world’s massive "cognitive surplus”-the ability of the world’s population to collaborate on large, sometimes global projects. 〔Shirky, Clay. TED Talk June 2010 http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_world.html〕 Crowd computing brings together the strengths of crowdsourcing, automation and machine learning.
Prof. Rob Miller of MIT further defines crowd computing as “harnessing the power of people out in the web to do tasks that are hard for individual users or computers to do alone. Like cloud computing, crowd computing offers elastic, on-demand human resources that can drive new applications and new ways of thinking about technology.” 〔Miller, Rob. Microsoft research talk, June 19, 2013; http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=194501〕
Crowd computing offers a harmonious amalgamation of both cloud computing and crowdsourcing. It combines human intelligence (the crowd) with artificial intelligence (the cloud) in order to produce quality results at unprecedented speed. Scientists and historians are already utilizing this process to complete time-consuming research, and many businesses are beginning to realize its potential for cutting costs and increasing productivity. Crowd computing very well may be on its way to changing the way humans live and operate in our society by using artificial intelligence in combination with the human mind.〔Crowdcomputing.com; http://www.crowdcomputing.com/crowd-computing-where-humans-and-machines-work-together〕
Srini Devadas, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, asserts that “crowd computing will complement the cloud as one of two burgeoning infrastructures that will enable the world to become more ‘collectively intelligent’.”〔Computer News Middle East, “Crowd-Computing-the future?”, January 19, 2012. http://www.cnmeonline.com/insight/crowd-computing-the-future/ 〕
Four key process and technology innovations are the core of crowdcomputing:
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